Table 1. Physical properties of the Good [1, 2, 3] buffers. The maximum distance between atomic centers of each buffer was measured from a 3-D model and used as an estimate of its molecular Stokes radius (a). The same was done for weak electrolytes with known diffusion coeficients (D). Linear regression of D vs 1/a for the weak electrolytes was used to predict the expected value of the Ds (E[D]) of the Good buffers. Atomic distances were measured using the Chem-3D plugin from CambridgeSoft Corporation (www.camsoft.com) in combination with 3-D data models of the compounds available from the online ChemFinder Database.

Buffer

pKa

Atomic dist

2a [Å]

E [D]

MES

6.15

O7-H20

7.08

0.820

ACES

6.90

H12-H13

10.03

0.668

MOPS

7.15

H14-H21

10.15

0.664

HEPES

7.55

O14-H16

11.41

0.618

TRICINE

8.15

H13-H16

8.56

0.731

TRIS

8.30

H11-H15

6.28

0.886